PURPOSE:
The course gives basic knowledge for understanding the structure and morphology of polymers, viscoelastic phenomena and their relationship with properties of polymers and polymer materials as well as understanding the the procedure of microstructure processing and effects on the polymer properties.
THE CONTENTS OF THE COURSE:
1st week: Material. Classification of materials. Polymers, polymer materials. Specifics of polymer structure. Classification of polymer materials. Review of technological phases of production of polymer materials and formation of molecular and super molecular structure of polymers in individual phase process. Morphology of polymers. The influence of morphology on polymer properties.
2nd week: Microstructure of polymers. Real polymer systems. Morphology of polymers. Molecular structure, number and type of monomeric unit, form of chain, configuration, conformation and macromolecular size, average molecular weight. Intermolecular interaction in polymer.
3rd week: Super structure of polymers. Crystallinity and amorphous. Semicrystallinity. Degree of order. Two-phase structure of real polymer system, model of fringed micelle.
4th week: Static and dynamic structure of polymers. Dynamic structure and properties. Deformation. The change of conformation by heat. Phase transitions, glass transition temperature, melting temperature, flow temperature.
Thermomechanical curve, thermomechanical curve for thermoplastic, duromer and elastomer. Degree of structure ordered.
5th week: Deformation orientation of condense polymers, anelasticity. Elastic and viscous components. Plasticity, viscosity and elasticity. Viskoelasticity. Conformation changes. Static mechanical properties. Stress/strain curve. Strength, elongation at break, elastic modulus, toughness.
6th week: Change of conformation of thermoplast, duromer and elastomer by stress. Stress/strain curve for each group of polymers. Temperature dependence of mechanical properties. Change of transformation with force and temperature.
7th week: Time dependence of deformation at constant stress. Time dependence of deformation at constant deformation. Change of conformation, diagram, deformation/time. Elastic, viscoelastic and plastic deformation. Overall deformation. Creep and recovery. Creep modulus, relaxation. Time of relaxation.
8th week: Rheology of polymer fluid. Simple shearing. Newton -fluid flow. Non-Newton -fluid flow. Shear stress/shearing rate rheograms and dynamic viscosity/ shearing rate rheograms. Type of flow. Ostwald de Waal model. Melt flow index. Rheology models for viscoelastic polymer systems. Maxwell and Kelvin model. Thixotropy.
9th week: Rheology of rigid polymers. Polymer deformation. No elasticity. Dynamic mechanical properties, cyclic stress. Elastic and viscous component. Viscoelastic material. Loss angle. Relaxation time of kinetic unit in function of frequency and temperature. Dynamic mechanical spectra. Primary viscoelastic functions, loss modulus, storage modulus and tan delta . Linear, branched and crosslinked polymer systems. Amorphous and semicrystalline polymers.
10th week: Specific of thermoplastic, duromer and elastomer polymers. The effect of molecular and supermolecular structure on the DMA curve shape and values of storage modulus and loss modulus. Secondary viscoelastic function. Creep, recovery and creep modulus in function of temperature and time. Temperature shift. Master curve. Life evaluation of polymers. Dollitle model, WLF model and Arrhenius equation.
11th week: Thermal properties. Optical, electrical and magnetic properties. Stability of polymer materials. Aging, degradation, physical degradation. Chemical and physical aging process. UV, thermal, oxidative, mechanical, chemical and biodegradation. Structure changes and influence on properties. Ecological aspect of degradation. Stabilizers and antidegradants.
12th week: Physical aging. Conformation changes and influence on properties. The effect of temperature on physical aging. Flammability of polymers. Pyrolitic degradation. Self ignition. Combustion resistance. Flammable, after flame and non-flammable polymers. Flame retardance. Synergy of flame retardance.
13th week: Multiphase polymer systems. Polymer blends. Block polymers. Graft copolymers. Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN). Crosslinked polymers. Temperature transitions. Mechanical properties. Composition, content and morphological structure single phase in multiphase polymer systems and effect on structure and properties. Modification and stability of multiphase polymer systems. Morphology structure. Continuous and non-continuous phase, phase inversion and effect on properties.
14th week: Additives. Fillers. Reinforced plastic (RP). Plasticizers. Foam able agents. Cellular plastic. The effect of additives on structure and properties of polymers. Additives of reactive types. Advantage and disadvantages. Polymer modifiers.
15th week: Possibility of programming specified structure and properties by additives. Structure and chemical constitution; condensation polymer. Design of multiphase polymer systems.
GENERAL AND SPECIFIC COMPETENCE:
Understanding of connection between structure and properties for polymer materials and modification of structure and properties. Importance for production, processing and application.
STUDENT OBLIGATIONS IN TEACHING AND THEIR PERFORMANCE
Attending lectures, making of seminars, solving independent seminar tasks, making reports with exercises.
CONDITIONS FOR OBTAINING SIGNATURES
Attended lectures and seminars. Completed exercises.
Dedicated reports of seminar tasks.
Admit exercises and submitted and admit reports of the exercise.
MONITORING OF STUDENTS WORK
Partial exams. Written exam, if the student does not pass the partial exams. Evaluation of seminar reports. The student's entire work will be taken into account in the assessment.
TEACHING METHODS
Lectures, oral seminars, laboratory exercises.
MONITORING OF THE COURSE QUALITY AND SUCCESSFULNESS:
Student questionnaire.
METHODOLOGICAL PREREQUISITES
Organic chemistry, physical chemistry
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A.E. Woodwared, Understanding Polymer Morphology, Hanser, Munich, 1995.
2. D. W. Clegg, A. A. Collyer, Structure and Properties of Polymeric Materials, The Institute of Materials, London, 1990.
3. C. Hall, Polymer Materials, J. Wiley & Sons, New York, 1990.,
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1.D.W. Van Krevelen, Properties of Polymers , Third Rev. Ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1990.
2. V. Eisele, Introduction to Polymer Physics, Spring Verlag, N. Y., 1990.
3. H. L. Williams, Polymer Engineering, Elsevier Sci. Publ. Comp., N. Y., 1985.,
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