PURPOSE
The purpose of the course is to introduce the students to polymer science and technology. The course includes lectures about polymerization processes: bulk, solvent, suspension and emulsion polymerization; polymerization reactions by mechanism: radical polymerization, step-growth polymerization; ionic polymerization: anionic and cationic polymerization; ring-opening polymerization; crosslinking reactions, degradation of polymers.
Lectures will also provide the basic knowledge of polymer materials (plastic and elastomers, biopolymers), properties and applications of specific polymer. Polymer waste management, methods for reducing the volume of plastic waste.
THE CONTENTS OF THE COURSE:
Introduction to polymers. Classification of polymers and polymerization reactions. The nomenclature of the polymers.
Radical polymerization.
Step-growth polymerization. Ionic polymerization: anionic and cationic polymerization. Living polymers.
Copolymerization reactions. Lewis-Mayo equation. Copolymerization diagrams.
Bulk polymerization. Solvent polymerization. Suspension polymerization. Emulsion polymerization.
Ring-opening polymerization. Crosslinking reactions. Degradation of polymers.
1st partial test
Introduction to polymers, classification: natural polymers, biopolymers
Synthetic polymers, classification; thermoplastic, thermosets, elastomers, homopolymers, copolymers
Polyethylene, polypropylene, poly(ethylene terephthalate) polystyrene, poly(vinyl chloride), polyamides, polyurethanes.
Synthetic rubbers: EPDM, SBS, nitrile, silicone rubbers.
Basic principles of polymer waste management, environment protection, negative impact on environment.
2nd partial test
Laboratory exercises:
Suspension polymerization
Graft polymerization
Emulsion polymerization
Swelling of crosslinked polymers
Determination of the viscosity - molecular mass correlations
GENERAL AND SPECIFIC COMPETENCE:
General competences:
1. understanding of polymer systems during synthesis,
2. understanding and analyzing production processes of polymers
3. accepting the basic knowledge of natural and synthetic polymers, of specific polymer applications, chemical, structure and properties and the competence to identify and solve the problems in the field of waste plastics.
Specific competences:
1. gaining the knowledge about the synthesis of polymeric materials,
2. understanding the mechanisms of polymerization processes,
3. understanding the basic elements of chemistry and engineering materials related to the chemical composition, structure, manufacturing, properties and applications
4. gaining the knowledge about the basic principles of environmental protection and waste management of polymers
5. gaining the ability to independently perform the lab exercise and present the results in written and oral form.
STUDENT RESPONSIBILITIES
Attendance to all forms of teaching is obligatory, at least 75%.
Absence from the seminars and lab exercise must be compensated.
For positive mark at least 60% of points must be achieved.
Oral exam is possible only on the personal request and/or in special occasions.
FORMAT OF INSTRUCTION
Lectures (ex cathedra)
Laboratory exercises
MONITORING STUDENT WORK
Lectures: Final exam (written)
Laboratory exercises: Written report of each lab exercise
MONITORING TEACHER WORK
Student survey
LEARNING OUTCOMES AT THE COURSE LEVEL
1. to classify the polymerization reactions by mechanism
2. to define and describe the synthesis processes of the polymers
3. to analyse and define the advantages and the disadvantages of the synthesis processes of the polymers
4. to analyse and describe the properties of polymer materials (plastic and elastomers, biopolymers)
5. to link the properties and applications of specific polymer materials
6. to describe and evaluate the specific procedures for polymer waste management
LEARNING OUTCOMES AT THE STUDY PROGRAMME LEVEL
1. to integrate scientific principles of materials science and engineering: structure, properties, processing and application of materials
2. to identify problems in area of materials science and engineering
3. to use laboratory equipment and instruments in characterization of materials
4. to interrelate results from various methods with scientific literature in order to interpret them as well as possible
5. to explain results of their work to non-experts, experts in other fields and international partners
COMPULSORY LITERATURE
1. H. Mark, N. Bikales, C. Overberger, G. Menges, Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, New York, Vol. 1-17, 1985.
2. J. R. Fried, Polymer Science and Technology, Prentice Hall Professional, USA, 2003.
3. L. A. Utracki: Polymer Alloys and Blends, Hanser Publishers, New York, 1989.
4. A. L. Andrady, Plastics and the Environment, J. Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey, 2003.
5. A. Azapagic, A. Emsley, I. Hamerton, Polymers, the Environmental and Sustainable Development, J. Wiley & Sons, N.Y. 2003.
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