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Load:
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1. komponenta
| Lecture type | Total |
| Lectures |
30 |
| Laboratory exercises |
30 |
* Load is given in academic hour (1 academic hour = 45 minutes)
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Description:
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COURSE OBJECTIVE:
Introducing students to the basic knowledge and skills necessary for the preparation, characterization and application of electrically conductive polymers After completing the course students will be able to apply engineering knowledge in the preparation and design of highly functional molecular structures and nano-structured surfaces of conductive polymers.
COURSE IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM:
Week 1
Introduction. Structure of electrically conductive polymers. The difference between conventional polymers and electrically conductive polymers. The difference between ionically conductive polymers (ionomers) and electrically conductive polymers. Dimensionality of materials with respect to properties.
Week 2
Electroactivity and electrical conductivity. Electrical conductivity mechanism. Soliton formation in polyacetylene. Definition of polaron and bipolaron. Franck-Condon principle. Polarone and bipolarone formation in polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyaniline, poly (p-phenylene). Changes in the energy level of the valence and conduction bands due to the formation of polarons and bipolarons. Doping of conductive polymers.
Week 3
Comparison of electrical conductivity of conductive polymers with other materials. Change of electrical conductivity with temperature in electrically conductive polymers. Measurement of electrical conductivity (four-contact method, four-point method, Van der Pauw method, ring method). Mechanism of electrical conductivity by jumps within variable ranges ("Variable range hopping").
Week 4
Mechanism of synthesis of electrically conductive polymers. Oxidation potential of monomers. Influence of solvent nucleophilicity on the polymerization process.
Week 5.
Synthesis of electrically conductive polymers. Fundamentals of electrochemical methods of synthesis. Fundamentals of chemical methods of synthesis. Conditions for conducting electrochemical and chemical polymerization in polyaniline, polythiophene and polypyrrole. Nucleation and growth of polymers on the electrode surface in the process of electrochemical synthesis.
Week 6
Colloquium
Week 7
Chemical and physical properties of electrically conductive polymers. Contact of polymers with various counterions for the purpose of improving solubility and workability. Dedoping / doping processes. Morphological characteristics of conductive polymers. Influence of counterions and substituents on the polymer chain on polymer properties. Polymer stability in the oxidation process.
Week 8.
Spectroscopic methods of analysis of electrically conductive polymers. UV-Vis spectroscopy. Electrochromism in electrically conductive polymers. Application of electrochromatic properties in various electronic devices (flexible screens, light emitting diodes, smart windows, flexible photovoltaic cells).
Week 9.
Electrochemical methods of analysis of electrically conductive polymers. Cyclic voltammetry. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Electrochemical quartz crystal nanovaga.
Week 10.
Redox reactions of electrically conductive polymers followed by transport of ions and electrons through the polymer. Solvent transfer through polymer. Changes in polymer structure and morphology due to polymer redox reaction.
Week 11
Application of electrically conductive polymers in catalysis and in sensors. Conductometric, amperometric, voltammetric, potentiometric, gravimetric and optical sensors. Use of conductive polymers for the release of biologically active substances.
Week 12
Electroluminescence in conductive polymers. Definition of light emitting diode. The principle of operation of the LED. Application of electrically conductive polymers in the production of light emitting diodes. The principle of operation of photovoltaic cells. Application of electrically conductive polymers in the production of photovoltaic cells.
Week 13
Application of electrically conductive polymers as active materials in electrochemical energy sources. Application in galvanic cells and in supercapacitors. Advantages and disadvantages of these materials when used in electrochemical energy sources. Examples from practice.
Application of electrically conductive polymers in corrosion protection. The principle of action of a conductive polymer in corrosion protection. Possible ways of applying the polymer to the metal surface for the purpose of corrosion protection.
Week 14
Nano-structured electrically conductive polymers. Composites of electrically conductive polymers and various nanostructured materials. Application and properties of nanostructured electrically conductive polymers. Composites of conductive polymers and conventional polymers. Application and properties of composite conductive and conventional polymers.
Week 15
Colloquium
Laboratory exercises:
Chemical synthesis of polyaniline
Influence of solvent nucleophilicity on obtaining electrochemical deposition of polythiophene.
Product distribution in electrochemical synthesis of polyaniline.
Construction of a galvanic cell with a conductive polymer as the active material.
Electrochromatic properties of polyaniline.
DEVELOPMENT OF GENERAL AND SPECIFIC COMPETENCIES OF STUDENTS:
General competencies
- Recognition of the role and importance of electrically conductive polymers in the development and engineering of materials
- marking of electrical and optical properties of conductive polymers.
- Knowledge of the relationship between chemical and electronic structure and properties of conductive polymers
- Knowledge required for the selection and application of conductive polymers in various fields of science and technology
Specific competencies
- Knowledge of the mechanism of synthesis of conductive polymers and necessary synthetic conditions
- Electrochemical deposition of conductive polymers and fabrication of active electrodes for various applications
STUDENTS 'TEACHING OBLIGATIONS AND THEIR PERFORMANCE:
Students are required to attend lectures and seminars.
Students are required to do laboratory exercises.
Students are required to access knowledge tests
CONDITIONS FOR OBTAINING A SIGNATURE:
Students must attend lectures.
Completed laboratory exercises, submitted all papers from exercises and colloquial exercises.
TEACHING METHODS:
Lectures
Laboratory exercises
Consultations
METHOD OF EXAMINATION OF KNOWLEDGE AND EXAMINATION:
Colloquium from laboratory exercises.
Two knowledge tests during classes.
Written exam.
Oral exam.
METHOD OF MONITORING THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF COURSES:
Student survey.
COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:
- Sketch polymer structures that belong to the group of conductive polymers
- Actively explain the mechanism of electrical conductivity in conductive polymers
- Apply knowledge and develop skills of synthesis of conductive polymers of appropriate properties
- To develop technological issues of application of conductive polymers
LEARNING OUTCOMES AT PROGRAM LEVEL:
1. solve qualitative and quantitative problems by applying appropriate chemical principles and theories
2. interpret chemical information and data
3. apply knowledge in practice, especially in problem solving based on qualitative or quantitative information
k) TEACHING UNITS WITH ASSOCIATED LEARNING OUTCOMES AND EVALUATION CRITERIA
1. Electrical conductivity in electrically conductive polymers
Learning outcomes:
-know how to give examples of conductive polymers
-know the difference in the structure of electrically conductive polymers and conventional polymers
-know the difference between electronically and ionically conductive polymers
-knowledge of the conductivity mechanism in electrically conductive polymers
-knowledge of the doping mechanism in electrically conductive polymers
-knowledge of methods for determining electrical conductivity
Evaluation criteria:
-know how to give examples of conductive polymers
-recognize the structure of polymers that ensures conductivity in polymers
-know how to distinguish between electronically and ionically conductive polymers
-know how to explain the conductivity mechanism of electrically conductive polymers
-state the ways of doping in electrically conductive polymers
- specify methods for determining electrical conductivity
2. Synthesis of electrically conductive polymers
Learning outcomes:
-knowledge of the mechanism of synthesis in electrically conductive polymers
-knowledge of basic synthesis methods in electrically conductive polymers
-know how to list monomers used in the synthesis of electrically conductive polymers
-knowledge of the conditions necessary for the implementation of the polymerization process
-knowledge of the process of nucleation and growth of conductive polymer on metal surfaces
Evaluation criteria:
-know how to describe the mechanism of synthesis in electrically conductive polymers
-state the basic methods of synthesis of conductive polymers
-know how to list monomers used in the synthesis of electrically conductive polymers
-indicate the conditions necessary for the implementation of the polymerization process
-know how to explain the process of nucleation and growth of a conductive polymer on metal surfaces
3. Properties and applications of electrically conductive polymers
Learning outcomes:
-knowledge of basic chemical and physical properties of conductive polymers
-knowledge of the influence of counterions and substituents on the polymer chain on the properties of electrically conductive polymer
-knowledge of morphological properties of conductive polymers
-knowledge of electrochromatic properties of conductive polymers
-knowledge of the influence of physical and chemical properties on conductivity
-know how to state the properties of materials that can be determined using spectroscopic and electrochemical methods
-be familiar with the application of conductive polymers
-be familiar with the methods of preparation and properties of nanostructured electrically conductive polymers
Evaluation criteria:
-know how to state the basic chemical and physical properties of conductive polymers
-knowledge of the dependence of the properties of the electrically conductive polymer on the counterion used in the doping process and on the substituent on the polymer chain
-state the morphological properties of conductive polymers
-explain the electrochromatic properties of conductive polymers
- explain the influence of physical and chemical properties on conductivity
-know how to state the properties of materials that can be determined using spectroscopic and electrochemical methods
-state the application of conductive polymers
-know the methods of preparation and properties of nanostructured electrically conductive polymers
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Learning outcomes:
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Literature:
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1. Zoran Mandić, predavanja i interni nastavni materijali.,
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2. S. Roth, "One-Dimensional Metals", VCH, Weinheim, (1971).
3. G. P. Evans, "The Electrochemistry of Conducting Polymers", Ch 1 in "Advances in Electrochemical Science and Engineering", VCH, Weinheim, (1990).
4. L. Alacer, "Conducting Polymers", D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, (1987).
5. G. G. Wallace et. al. "Conductive Electroactive Polymers", CRC Press, (2003).,
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