COURSE OBJECTIVE:
Introduce students to chemical balances and possible interactions of natural environmental components with pollutants in water, sediment, soil and air.
COURSE IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM:
Lectures:
Week 1: Classification, nomenclature and examples of groups of organic compounds present in the environment. Classification of organic compounds according to structure.
Week 2: Organic water pollutants.
Week 3: Organic air pollutants.
Week 4: Organic soil pollutants.
Week 5: Application of green organic chemistry in elemental reactions in organic chemistry. Examples of the use of substitute non-toxic solvents and reagents in the synthesis of organic compounds, catalysis and biocatalysis. Photocatalytic degradation reactions of organic pollutants.
Week 6: Presentation of student assignments.
Week 7: First colloquium
Week 8: Approach to environmental chemical analysis. Analytical process. Data evaluation and interpretation. Classical methods of chemical analysis.
Week 9: Instrumental methods of analysis. Process in situ analysis. Analysis of traces of pollutants.
Week 10: Water. Water classification. Water quality indicators. Water pollution by heavy metals and other inorganic compounds. Reactions of organic compounds with metals in water. Sampling, separation and methods of analysis of pollutants in water.
Week 11: Suspended colloidal particles in water. Sediment. Equilibrium at phase boundaries. Traces of metals in sediment and suspended particles.
Week 12: Mineral constituents of the soil. Soil pollution by inorganic pollutants. Mechanisms of binding and mobility of pollutants in the soil. Soil analysis. Mobility pollutants in the soil. Environmental quality information based on chemical analysis.
Week 13: Composition of the atmosphere. Gases. Acid-base reactions in the atmosphere. Acid rain. Atmospheric ozone reactions. Primary and secondary atmospheric pollutants. Inorganic pollutants. Floating particles. Sampling and methods for proving and determining pollutants in the atmosphere.
Week 14: Presentation of student assignments
Week 15: Second colloquium
Laboratory exercises:
1. A synthetic step in the preparation of a selected compound or drug assisted by microwaves.
2. Water analysis: water sampling, temperature determination, evaporation residue determination, specific water sample conductivity determination, pH determination, water hardness determination (calcium, magnesium, carbonate and total), alkalinity determination and sulfate determination in water.
3. Soil analysis: determination of soil acidity and determination of humus content in soil.
DEVELOPMENT OF GENERAL AND SPECIFIC COMPETENCIES OF STUDENTS:
Introduction to environmental pollutants and how to detect and determine them.
STUDENTS 'TEACHING OBLIGATIONS AND THEIR PERFORMANCE:
Students are required to attend lectures, to attend laboratory exercises and attend colloquiums.
CONDITIONS FOR OBTAINING A SIGNATURE:
Regular attendance at lectures and completed laboratory exercises.
TEACHING METHODS:
Lectures and exercises.
METHOD OF EXAMINATION OF KNOWLEDGE AND EXAMINATION:
Two colloquiums during the semester. Students can be exempted from the exam if they collect a sufficient number of points (55) through 2 colloquiums. Written and oral exam.
METHOD OF MONITORING THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF COURSES:
Student survey.
METHODOLOGICAL PREREQUISITES:
Attended lectures and completed exercises from the courses General and Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry I and II, Organic Chemistry I and II, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry
COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:
1. classify organic compounds present in the environment according to their structure
2. define organic pollutants of water, air and soil, explain the biodegradation of organic materials
3. define green organic chemistry and explain its application in basic organic reactions
4. define an approach to chemical analysis of the environment
5. recognize the sample from the environment (water, soil, air) and be able to choose the method of analysis depending on the tested pollutant
6. distinguish the approach to the analysis of traces of pollutants in the environment (soil, water, air) from the analysis of macro ingredients
7. orally and in writing present the material related to the course
LEARNING OUTCOMES AT PROGRAM LEVEL:
1. know and understand the basic facts, concepts, principles and theories related to chemistry and chemical reactions
2. apply previously acquired knowledge in chemical analysis of the environment, especially in problem solving based on quantitative information
3. interpret observations and measurements, and connect them with the appropriate theory
4. assess the possibility of risks associated with the use of certain chemicals
5. manage and plan time
TEACHING UNITS WITH ASSOCIATED LEARNING OUTCOMES AND EVALUATION CRITERIA
Teaching unit
1. Organic pollutants of water, air and soil
Learning outcomes
- classify organic compounds present in the environment according to their structure
- define organic pollutants of water, air and soil, explain the biodegradation of organic materials
Evaluation criteria
- name organic compounds and analyze their impact on the environment
- distinguish the decomposition of organic materials by chemical, photochemical reactions, and biodegradation
- explain the humification scheme
Teaching unit
2. Green organic chemistry
Learning outcomes
- define green organic chemistry and explain its application in basic organic reactions
Evaluation criteria
- illustrate with examples the application of catalysis, biocatalysis and photocatalytic reactions
- give examples of alternative reaction media and reaction conditions
- illustrate with examples the green approaches in the preparation of products in the laboratory and industry
Teaching unit
3. Approach to chemical analysis of environmental samples
Learning outcomes
- define the analytical process on the basis of previous knowledge
- distinguish the application of classical methods of chemical analysis from instrumental methods in the analysis of environmental samples
- differentiate sampling methods depending on the medium
Evaluation criteria
- recognize the importance of each step of the analytical process
- know the basic principle of certain methods of analysis
Teaching unit
4. Environmental samples (water, soil, air)
Learning outcomes
- define water quality indicators
- explain water pollution by heavy metals as well as other inorganic compounds
- explain the reactions of metals with organic compounds
- explain the mechanisms of mobility and binding of pollutants in the soil
- state indicators of air pollution
- define atmospheric ozone reactions
Evaluation criteria
- distinguish the approach to chemical analysis of soil, water or air
- ability to independently approach chemical analysis of environmental samples
- numerically solve problems based on the obtained measurement parameters
Teaching unit
5. Laboratory exercises
Learning outcomes
- apply microwaves in product synthesis - green approach versus classical approach
- on the basis of the acquired knowledge, apply the approach to chemical analysis of the environment
- apply the principles of good laboratory practice
- properly collect and process measurement data
- write an appropriate laboratory report
Evaluation criteria
- analyze the synthesis of aspirin using microwaves in relation to the classical approach
- to carry out the analysis of a certain sample from the environment on the basis of the acquired knowledge
- numerically express and process the results based on the obtained measurements
- show independence in laboratory work
- keep a laboratory diary
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1. K.M. Doxsee, J.E. Hutchison, Green Organic Chemistry: Strategies, Tools and Laboratory Experiments, Thomson Learning Inc., New York, USA, 2004.
2. S.E. Manahan, Environmental Chemistry, Eight edition, CRC Press LCC, New York, USA, 2005.
3. M. Kaštelan-Macan, M. Petrović, V. Tomašić, A.J.M. Horvat, S. Babić, T. Bolanča, D. Mutavdžić Pavlović, J. Macan, D. Ašperger, Š. Ukić, G. Klobučar, A. Štambuk, R. Sauerborn Klobučar, S. Ferina, Analitika okoliša, M. Kaštelan-Macan, M. Petrović (ur.), HINUS i Fakultet kemijskog inženjerstva i tehnologije, Zagreb, 2013.
4. D.A. Skoog, D.M. West, F.J. Holler, Osnove analitičke kemije, Školska knjiga Zagreb, 1999.
5. E. Prohić, Geokemija, Targa Zagreb, 1998.,
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1. F.W. Fifield, P.J. Haines, Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Blackwell Science, 2000.
2. W. Stumm, J. J. Morgan, Aquatic Chemistry, Chemical Equillibria and Rates in Natural Waters, 3rd ed., Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1996.,
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