1. komponenta

Lecture type	Total
Lectures	30
Laboratory exercises	30

* Load is given in academic hour (1 academic hour = 45 minutes)

COURSE OBJECTIVE: To get acquainted with the basic principles of the chemistry of excited states, their application and biological and ecological aspects.

COURSE EXECUTION PROGRAM (elaborate them as precisely as possible according to the teaching weeks):
1. Principles of photochemistry. The nature of light. Absorption of electromagnetic radiation. Characteristics of absorption spectra.
2. Selection rules and transition intensity. Light absorption and excited states.
3. Photochemical processes.
4. Photochemical laws. Electronically excited states and the Franck-Condon (vertical) transition. Light absorption of organic molecules.
5. Deactivation of excited states. Jablonski's diagram.
6. Photophysical processes of deactivation of excited states, division into radiatiive and non-radiative.
7. Radiation processes of deactivation of excited states, fluorescence and phosphorescence, application of radiation deactivation processes. Quantum utilization of fluorescence and phosphorescence.
8. Life time of singlet and triplet excited state. Intermolecular non-radiation processes of deactivation of excited states.
9. Energy transfer and photosensitization. Photoinduced electron transfer (PET).
10. Photochemical transformations / reactions (dissipative processes). Biological application of photochemical transformations. Adiabatic and diabetic transformations.
11. and 12. Photochemical reactions of ethene, polyene and ethyne. Geometric isomerization. Photostationary state. Pericyclic reactions. Methods of analysis of pericyclic reactions. Sigmatropic shifts, electrocyclizations, cycloadditions and addition reactions. Photochemical reactions as key steps in the synthesis of biologically active compounds.
13. Photochemical reactions of carbonyl compounds. Basic reactions of excited ketone states. Alpha cleavage reactions. Intermolecular hydrogen abstraction reactions. Intramolecular reactions of hydrogen abstraction. Photocycloaddition reactions. Light sources and photochemical reactors.
14. Photochemical reactions of aromatic compounds. PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS OF RING ISOMERIZATION. DI-pi-METHANIC PARTITION. PHOTOCHEMICAL ELECTROCYCLIZATION REACTIONS. PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS OF CYCLOADDITION: 1,2-CYCLOADITIONI, 1,3-CYCLOADITION, 1,4-CYCLOADDITION.
15. Colloquium.

DEVELOPMENT OF GENERAL AND SPECIFIC COMPETENCIES OF STUDENTS:
Acquisition of basic knowledge necessary for research work.

STUDENTS 'TEACHING OBLIGATIONS AND THEIR PERFORMANCE:
Students are required to attend lectures and do laboratory exercises.

CONDITIONS FOR OBTAINING A SIGNATURE:
Regular class attendance and completed laboratory exercises.

TEACHING METHODS:
Lectures and laboratory exercises

METHOD OF EXAMINATION OF KNOWLEDGE AND EXAMINATION:
The course is taken either through a colloquium or through a written exam. If the student wants a better grade on the exam, he is given the option of a subsequent oral exam.

METHOD OF MONITORING THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF COURSES:
Student survey

METHODOLOGICAL PREREQUISITES:
General chemistry, Physical chemistry, Organic chemistry

1. To present the selection rules based on the permitted and forbidden electron transitions.
2. To explain the shifts of electron transitions caused by substitution, conjugation and polarity of the solvent.
3. To present absorption, and processes without and with radiation using the Jablonski diagram.
4. To judge critically the quantum yields and mechanisms of deactivation processes with radiation (fluorescence and phosphorescence) taking into account the electronic configuration of the excited state, substitution effect and the rigidity of the molecule.
5. To compare the ways of deactivation of excited states by the mechanisms of intramolecular process without radiation and intermolecular physical processes.
6. To discuss the differences in the reaction curves of photochemical reactions and reactions in the ground state.
7. To envision the possible photoproducts of the selected alkenes and aromatic compounds based on the structure and reaction conditions.
8. To foresee the products of the reactions of selected carbonyl compounds in the excited state based on the knowledge of all the characteristic mechanisms.
9. To argue all the aspects of the application of photochemistry as supported by the examples.

1. Principles and applications of Photochemistry, A. Gilbert, J. Baggott, Essentials of Molecular Photochemistry, Blackwell Science, 1995.; C. E. Wayne, R. P. Wayne, Photochemistry, Oxford Science Publications, Oxford 1996., B. Wardle,, Wiley, Manchester, UK, 2009.
2. Organska fotokemija principi i primjena, Ilijana Odak i Irena Škorić, Fakultet kemijskog inženjerstva i tehnologije Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, 2017.
3. Modern Molecular Photochemistry of Organic Compounds, Univerrsity Science Books, Sausalito, California, USA, N. J. Turro, V. Ramamurthy, J.C. Scaiano, 2010.

Izborna grupa - Regular modul - Applied Organic Chemistry