COURSE OBJECTIVE
To introduce the types of biodegradable solid wastes that can be composted. Chemical, physical and microbiological properties of substrate and product (compost). Selection of composting processes and systems in order to stabilize solid waste and obtain useful products.
COURSE IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM
Lectures
Week 1: Introduction to waste terminology, types and basic data of waste.
Week 2: Hierarchy of waste management (order of priority in the group of best environmental options according to environmental legislation).
Week 3: Waste treatment processes (physico-chemical, biological, thermal).
Week 4: Waste treatment technologies (MBO, BMO, TO)
Week 5: Treatment and disposal of residues (solid, liquid, gaseous)
Week 6: Sustainable waste management (plans, tasks and activities at national level)
Week 7: 1st partial exam
Week 8: Definition and objectives of composting
Week 9: Composting systems
Week 10: Fundamentals of microbiological processes, growth kinetics of microorganisms during composting and kinetics of heat inactivation of microorganisms
Week 11: Thermodynamics of composting (heat transfer mechanisms, thermal properties of compost)
Week 12: Stages of the composting process and factors affecting the composting process.
Week 13: Oxygen demand and aeration mechanisms.
Week 14: Kinetic analysis of the composting process and selection of kinetic models.
Week 15: 2nd partial exam
Laboratory Exercises
Sampling procedures, physicochemical and microbiological analyzes of selected and/or chosen substrates, implementation of composting in a closed reactor system, analysis of results and data processing.
DEVELOPMENT OF GENERAL AND SPECIFIC COMPETENCIES OF STUDENTS.
Understanding of the importance of mass and energy transfer and biological phenomena in composting systems and the interdependence of these phenomena. The knowledge acquired will enable the student to solve problems in composting technology, and the student will acquire the ability to control and manage the composting process in open or closed systems.
STUDENT OBLIGATIONS IN TEACHING AND THEIR PERFORMANCE
Regular attendance in the lectures. They write two exams during the semester. Laboratory exercises and field work, if organized, are mandatory and cannot be reimbursed. The results of the exercises will be entered in notebooks and all assignments must be solved positively.
CONDITIONS FOR OBTAINING SIGNATURES.
Completion of all laboratory exercises and field work. Regular attendance at lectures.
METHODS OF TEACHING
Lectures, laboratory exercises, fieldwork.
TYPE OF EXAM OF KNOWLEDGE
Two exams ( following a specified set of materials ), which are considered passed if both are positively graded, and a written examination within the prescribed examination time limits.
METHODOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS
Do not exist
LEARNING OUTCOMES
Course Learning Outcomes:
1. identify basic knowledge in the field of waste management 2. argue the waste management hierarchy in accordance with the principles of sustainable development 3. critically evaluate existing and new technologies in waste treatment according to the circular economy model 4. propose the way of implementing the composting process (open / closed type) and process equipment 5. Establish material and energy balances for given systems 6. Sketch schemes for the composting process 7. Propose the composition of composting materials and process conditions 8. Predict the course of the composting process 9. Argue the achieved results of waste composting 10. Justify the chosen system for the implementation of the composting process
Learning outcomes at the program level to which the course contributes
1. link expertise in local and global environmental protection, environmental improvement and management, and environmental legislation 2. identifying the problem through integrated application of basic environmental science knowledge 3. solving technical problems by understanding engineering processes and their design 4.design and conducting experiments to confirm the hypothesis.
Lesson 1. introduce basic data on waste.
Learning Outcomes define types of waste define special categories of waste name the processes for recycling and/or disposing of waste integrate legal regulations and planning documents related to waste management evaluate criteria distinguish wastes according to place of origin and characteristics know the regulations for special categories of waste distinguish between material and energy recovery of waste and know the options for waste disposal know the legislation in the field of waste management
Unit 2: Waste treatment processes
Learning outcomes explain mechanical-biological waste treatment (MBO)
explain the thermal treatment of waste show the possibilities of further waste treatment processes integrate legal regulations and documentation on waste treatment processes evaluate criteria name the basic methods of waste treatment distinguish between physico-chemical and biological waste treatment processes explain the criteria for the use of more advanced waste treatment processes know the legislation in the field of waste management
Unit 3: Purpose and objectives of composting, characteristics and selection of substrate, classification of composting systems.
Learning outcomes
describe Describe the purpose and objectives of composting
Define possible substrates for composting
Select systems for composting samples
List the products resulting from composting and explain their use and impact on the environment
Evaluate criteria
Distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic processes for the treatment of solid waste and explain the importance and application of each process
List the main chemical and physical properties of compost materials and indicate the possibility of stabilization for the examples of substrates given
List the types of reactor and non-reactor systems and the advantages and disadvantages of each system
List products which have a negative impact on the environment and give examples of their disposal
Unit 4. factors for successful composting, microbiology, oxygen demand and aeration mechanisms.
Learning Outcomes
List the factors that influence the process.
Identify the types of microorganisms that are important for composting.
Analyze the mechanisms and explain the importance of optimizing aeration.
Evaluation criteria
Explain the interdependence of factors and indicate the ranges of their optimal values
Distinguish the importance of mesophilic and thermophilic microorganisms and describe the importance and role of actinomycetes in the composting process
Explain the influence of airflow on the process and outline the passage of air through the compost mass and the transfer of oxygen in a multiphase system.
Unit 5. thermodynamics, mass and energy balance of the composting process, kinetic models.
Learning outcomes:
Explain the mechanisms of heat transfer and the thermal properties of compost material and energy balances for selected substrates and systems
Show the kinetics of growth and inactivation of microorganisms by the heat generated analyze empirical kinetic models
Evaluate criteria, describe the mechanisms of heat transfer during the process, and state the mathematical expressions that describe them
Distinguish a reactor process model and give an example of it
Distinguish between mechanistic and empirical kinetic models
Explain empirical kinetic models for given examples
Unit 6. Learning Outcomes:
Describe the process of planning and designing the composting system
Apply the knowledge gained to the selection of process equipment
Explain process control and management in reactor and non-reactor systems
Evaluate criteria
Define the purpose, function and economics of the composting system
Determine the appropriate equipment and energy efficiency of each process unit
Apply a mathematical model to increase the efficiency of the composting process
Literature:
1. R.T. Haug, Compost Engineering, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, 1993.
2. D.A. Mitchell, N. Krieger, M. Berovič, Solid-State Fermentation Bioreactors - Fundamentals of Design and Operation, Springer - Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2006 3. J.B. Snape, I.J. Dunn, J. Ingham, J.E. Prenosil, Dynamic of Environmental Bioprocesses - modeling and simulation, VCH, Weinheim,1995.
4. Williams, P.T., Waste Treatment and Disposal, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester 2005.
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1.R.T. Haug, Compost Engineering, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton,1993.
2.D.A. Mitchell, N. Krieger, M. Berovič, Solid-State Fermentation Bioreactors - Fundamentals of Design and Operation, Springer - Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2006,
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1.Predavanja na web stranici FKIT-a
2.J.B. Snape, I.J. Dunn, J. Ingham, J.E. Prenosil, Dynamic of Environmental Bioprocesses - modeling and simulation, VCH, Weinheim,1995.
3.J.A. Salvato, et al: Environmental Engineering, 2003, John Wiley&Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey,
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