COURSE OBJECTIVE:
Synthesis of basic knowledge about the structure of materials, as well as research techniques. Knowledge of the relationship between structure and material properties as an important prerequisite in understanding the behavior of materials in the application and creation of materials with targeted properties.
COURSE PROGRAM:
Week 1:
Introduction to the structure and properties of materials using MSE tetrahedra (Material Science and Engineering) to clarify the relationship between the composition, structure, properties and synthesis of materials. Division of materials. Division based on material structure. Crystalline state and amorphous state.
Week 2:
Introduction to crystallography. Three-dimensional periodic crystal structure. Unit cell, crystal systems and 14 Bravais crystal lattices. Basic elements of symmetry. Selection of unit cell and crystal system. Spatial symmetry and spatial groups. Crystal surfaces, Miller indices and interplanar distances, d.
Week 3:
The nature of X-rays and their formation. X-ray diffraction. X-ray diffraction on the crystal lattice. Laue's and Bragg's approach to diffraction. Powder diffraction-principles and application. Single crystal diffraction-principles and application.
Week 4:
Intensity of diffraction maxima and factors influencing it. Determination of crystallite size from diffraction maximum expansion. Influence of residual stresses in the crystal on the appearance of the diffraction maximum. Qualitative and quantitative X-ray analysis. Determination of elementary cell parameters from dfractograms.
Week 5: 1st control test
Week 6:
Introduction to crystallochemistry. Cubic and hexagonal dense puzzle. Materials that can be described by dense puzzle structures. Coordination number and coordination polyhedra. Types of structures shown by connecting coordination polyhedra. Ionic structures. Pauling's rules. Covalent structures.
Week 7:
Presentation and description of some basic types of structures such as: structure of halite (NaCl), sphalerite (ZnS), fluorite (CaF2) and antifluorite (Na2O), TiO2, etc. Perovskite structure. Determining the number of atoms (molecular units) per unit cell. Density calculation.
Week 8:
Other factors affecting crystal structure-review. Ionic structures-general principles. Coordinated polymer structures-Sanderson model. Valence, length, bond energy and crystal structure. Influence of nonvalent electrons. Influence of bond type and energy on engineering properties (brittleness, ductility, electrical conductivity, melting temperature, modulus of elasticity).
Week 9:
Crystal errors. Types of errors. Thermodynamics of error generation. Point errors. Thermodynamics of Schottky and Frenkel error generation. Vacation and interstitial errors in nonstoichiometric crystals. Two-dimensional errors (grain surfaces and boundaries). Volume errors (precipitates and inclusions). Solid solutions. Substitution and interstitial solid solutions. Experimental research methods for solid solutions (X-ray powder diffraction, density measurement, DTA).
Week 10: 2nd control test
Week 11:
Characterization of inorganic materials-general approach. An overview of techniques and their applications to solids. Thermal techniques: TGA, DTA, DSC and dilatometry. Examples of application of thermal characterization techniques.
Week 12:
Microscopic techniques. Optical microscopy (polarizing or petrographic microscope and reflecting or metallurgical microscope). Sample preparation and working principle. Examples of application. Electron microscopy. History and development of electron microscopy. Comparison of operation and capabilities between optical and electron microscopy. TEM-transmission electron microscopy. Sample preparation and working principle. Examples of application. SEM-scanning electron microscopy. Sample preparation and working principle. Examples of application.
Week 13:
Electrical properties of materials. Dielectric materials, Ferroelectricity. Pyroelectricity. Piezoelectricity. Relationship between ferro-, pyro- and piezoelectricity. Applications of ferro-, pyro- and piezoelectricity. Magnetic properties of materials-introduction and theory. Examples.
Week 14:.
Phase diagrams. Definition. One-component systems (SiO2). Two-component systems. Simple eutectic systems. Two-component solid solution systems (3Al2O3 2SiO2).
Week 15: 3rd control test
Laboratory exercises:
1. X-ray qualitative analysis
2. X-ray quantitative analysis
3. Thermal analysis methods (DTA-TG).
4.Search electron microscopy
DEVELOPMENT OF GENERAL AND SPECIFIC COMPETENCIES OF STUDENTS:
Understanding of modern theories and practical experimental techniques related to materials science and engineering. Conducting complex material characterization experiments and processing of measurement data.
STUDENTS 'TEACHING OBLIGATIONS AND THEIR PERFORMANCE:
Attending lectures and laboratory exercises.
CONDITIONS FOR OBTAINING A SIGNATURE:
Neat attendance at lectures and completed and colloquial laboratory exercises.
TEACHING METHODS:
Lectures and laboratory exercises
METHOD OF EXAMINATION OF KNOWLEDGE AND EXAMINATION:
3 written tests during the semester (min. 50% points on each of the tests
brings exemption from the oral exam)
written and oral exam
METHOD OF MONITORING THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF COURSES:
Student survey
METHODOLOGICAL PREREQUISITES:
General chemistry; Inorganic chemistry
i) COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:
1. get to know and understand the basic principles related to the structure and properties of materials
2. understand the three-dimensional structure of crystalline and amorphous materials
3. be able to calculate quantities relevant to the structure, physical properties and chemical stability of materials
4. get acquainted with experimental techniques in material characterization, and be able to choose the right methods in order to describe the structure and properties of materials as accurately as possible
j) LEARNING OUTCOMES AT PROGRAM LEVEL:
1. Apply basic knowledge of natural sciences in identifying and describing the interrelationship of structure and properties of materials
2. be able to organize and conduct simple laboratory experiments using available laboratory equipment and devices
3.organize and rationally manage time
4. analyze and present (orally and in writing) the results of research related to the content of studies using appropriate computer programs
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A. R. West, Solid State Chemistry and its Applications, J. Wiley&Sons, New York 1984.
C. Hammond, The Basics of Crystallography and Diffraction, Oxford University Press Inc., Oxford 1977.
D. R. Askeland and P. P Phule, The Science and Engineering of Materials, Thomson Brooks/Cole, Pacific Grove-CA, USA, 2003.,
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