COURSE OBJECTIVE: The primary objective is to gain a clear understanding of the fundamentals of chemical reaction engineering. Students will be introduced to the basic principles and methodology required for the development and implementation of chemical reactors and bioreactors used in environmental protection.
COURSE SYLLABUS:
Week 1
Concept of process space and the chemical reactor. General material and energy balances. Seminar examples.
Week 2
Ideal reactor types and their mathematical models. Seminar examples.
Week 3
Kinetic models of reactions in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. Seminar examples.
First knowledge assessment: Dependence of chemical reaction rate on temperature and theoretical questions covering material taught so far.
Week 4
Main groups of reactors for carrying out reactions in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. Seminar examples.
Week 5
Experimental methods in kinetic studies. Integral, differential, and modified differential methods. Seminar examples.
Week 6
Second knowledge assessment: Integral method of parameter estimation and theoretical questions regarding the second part of the chemical reactor material.
Week 7
Concept and characteristics of biological material.
Week 8
Biocatalysts and biocatalysis.
Week 9
Enzyme reaction kinetics. Examples in the seminar and computer lab.
Week 10
Microbiological kinetics. Examples in the seminar and computer lab.
Third knowledge assessment.
Week 11
Overview of basic bioreactor types. Seminar and computer lab examples.
Week 12
Aeration and mixing in biological systems. Seminar and computer lab examples.
Week 13
Fourth knowledge assessment.
DEVELOPMENT OF GENERAL AND SPECIFIC STUDENT COMPETENCIES:
Upon completion of lectures and/or passing the exam, the student will be able to apply the acquired knowledge to solve simpler problems in the fields of chemical reaction engineering and bioreaction engineering. They will be able to monitor and operate basic types of reactors and bioreactors in industrial processes and bioprocesses.
STUDENT OBLIGATIONS AND METHODS OF FULFILMENT:
Students are required to attend lectures and seminars.
Students are required to take knowledge assessments and mid-term exams.
Completion of homework assignments.
REQUIREMENTS FOR COURSE COMPLETION (SIGNATURE):
80% attendance at lectures and seminars.
Completion of computer lab exercises.
TEACHING METHODS:
Lectures.
Seminars.
Numerical exercises in the computer lab.
Consultations as needed.
KNOWLEDGE ASSESSMENT AND EXAMINATION METHODS:
Four mandatory written assessments during the semester (two on Reactors and two on Bioreactors; students may earn a final grade based on these assessments according to agreed criteria).
Students who are dissatisfied with their grade or have not accumulated sufficient points during the semester assessments must take the regular exams (oral and written parts).
COURSE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE MONITORING:
Student survey.
METHODOLOGICAL PREREQUISITES:
Passed exams in the courses "Mass and Energy Balances" and "Mass and Energy Transfer".
COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:
1. Define process variables and parameters for chemical reactors and bioreactors.
2. Derive kinetic models based on the physical nature of the process or on kinetic experiments conducted.
3. Distinguish between reaction kinetics in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems.
4. Distinguish between catalysts and biocatalysts based on structure, function, and operating conditions.
5. Distinguish between reactors and bioreactors based on their design.
6. Formulate mathematical models for processes involving chemical and biochemical reactions in various reactor types (kinetic and reactor models).
7. Solve, analytically and numerically/via simulation, mathematical models of chemical and biochemical reactions in various reactor types.
8. Estimate kinetic model parameters from given experimental data using the SCIENTIST software programme.
PROGRAMME-LEVEL LEARNING OUTCOMES:
1. Apply chemical engineering methodology when selecting reactors for specific types of reactions.
2. Apply numerical and/or analytical mathematical methods when estimating kinetic model parameters.
3. Apply acquired knowledge to the modelling and design of chemical reactors and bioreactors.
4. Apply mathematical methods, models, and techniques to solve illustrative examples.
COURSE UNITS WITH CORRESPONDING LEARNING OUTCOMES AND EVALUATION CRITERIA
1. Concept of process space and chemical reactor
Learning outcomes:
- define the chemical reactor as the basic unit of a chemical process
- define the process space, system boundaries, and process input and output variables
- formulate mass and energy balances for illustrative examples
- define the basic classification and systematisation of chemical reactors
Evaluation criteria:
- distinguish between the basic types of chemical reactors
- apply the law of conservation of mass and formulate mass balances for a given process
2. Ideal reactor types and their mathematical models
Learning outcomes:
- define the reactor model of an ideal batch reactor
- define the reactor model of an ideal continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR)
- define the reactor model of an ideal tubular reactor
Evaluation criteria:
- apply the characteristics of an ideal batch reactor when deriving mass and heat balances
- apply the characteristics of an ideal continuous stirred-tank reactor when deriving mass and heat balances
- apply the characteristics of an ideal tubular reactor when deriving mass and heat balances
3. Kinetic models of reactions in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems
Learning outcomes:
- define the dependence of reaction rate on temperature
- define the characteristics of reaction kinetics in homogeneous systems
- define the characteristics of reaction kinetics in heterogeneous systems
Evaluation criteria:
- distinguish between the basic characteristics of chemical reactions in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems
- apply the Arrhenius equation when determining activation energy from experimental kinetic data
4. Basic groups of reactors for carrying out reactions in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems
Learning outcomes:
- describe reactors for non-catalytic fluid?solid reactions
- describe reactors for gas?liquid reactions
- describe reactors for catalytic reactions with solid catalysts
Evaluation criteria:
- apply the shrinking-core model or the uniform-reaction model when defining the kinetics of non-catalytic fluid?solid reactions
- apply Whitman?s boundary-layer theory during absorption of the reactant from the gas phase into the liquid phase
- apply the Hougen?Watson kinetic model in catalytic heterogeneous reactions
5. Experimental methods in kinetic research
Learning outcomes:
- define the integral method for estimating parameters of a kinetic model
- define the differential method for estimating parameters of a kinetic model
- define the modified differential method for estimating parameters of a kinetic model
- define the criteria for agreement between experimental data and calculated values
Evaluation criteria
- apply different numerical methods of parameter estimation depending on the complexity of the reaction system (kinetic model and experimental reactor)
- critically select the most appropriate kinetic model to describe the kinetic experiment conducted, based on the criterion of mean square deviation
6. Concept and features of biological material
Learning outcomes:
- define the specific characteristics of biological material as a catalyst in relation to a classical chemical catalyst
- define the differences between chemical and biochemical engineering arising from the differences between catalysts and biocatalysts
- define the differences between bioprocesses and chemical processes, and between reactors and bioreactors
Evaluation criteria
- distinguish bioprocesses from chemical processes
- distinguish between catalysts and biocatalysts
- distinguish between the features of reactors and bioreactors
7. Biocatalysts and biocatalysis
Learning outcomes:
- define the term biocatalyst
- define the structure of a biocatalyst
- define the advantages and disadvantages of biocatalysts compared to classical catalysts
- define the sources used to obtain biocatalysts
Evaluation criteria
- recognise the advantages and disadvantages of using biocatalysts
- recognise the renewability of the sources from which biocatalysts are obtained
8. Enzyme reaction kinetics
Learning outcomes:
- define the kinetics of an enzyme-catalysed reaction: Michaelis?Menten kinetics
- define the initial rate method
Evaluation criteria
- formulate a kinetic model based on Michaelis?Menten kinetics and the mechanism of an enzyme-catalysed reaction
- estimate the reaction rate based on experimental data measured using the initial rate method
- solve an example problem with given experimental data using the differential or integral method of parameter estimation
9. Microbial kinetics
Learning outcomes:
- define a bioprocess
- define cellular metabolism
- define reaction yields in a bioprocess
- define the microbial growth rate and specific biomass growth rate: Monod kinetics
Evaluation criteria:
- recognise the differences between the stoichiometry of a chemical reaction and a bioprocess
- calculate the microbial growth rate using a mathematical model for a given example
10. Overview of basic bioreactor types
Learning outcomes:
- formulate mass balances for different types of bioreactors
- determine which of the proposed reactor types is most suitable in cases of substrate or product inhibition
Evaluation criteria:
- list the different reactor types used in biochemical engineering and state their differences
- identify when a specific reactor type is used, based on the kinetics of an enzyme-catalysed reaction or bioprocess kinetics
11. Aeration and mixing in biological systems
Learning outcomes:
- define the specific characteristics of mixing and aeration in biological systems
- sketch and describe the process of oxygen transfer in a biological system (into the cell)
Evaluation criteria:
- write the mathematical expressions describing gas diffusion into a liquid
- list the specific mixing requirements for biological systems
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Gomzi, Z. Kemijski reaktori, HINUS, Zagreb, 1998.
J.E.Bailey, D.F.Ollis, Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals, McGraw-Hill, 1986.
K.van't Riet, J.Tramper, Basic Bioreactor Design, M.Dekker, New York, 1991.,
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H.W.Blanch, D.S.Clark,Biochemical Engineering, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1996.
H.S.Fogler, Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1998.,
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