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Load:
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1. komponenta
| Lecture type | Total |
| Lectures |
30 |
| Seminar |
15 |
* Load is given in academic hour (1 academic hour = 45 minutes)
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Description:
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COURSE OBJECTIVE:
Acquisition of basic knowledge about electrochemical and general physico-chemical processes in the body and biomolecules whose mechanism of action includes redox reaction, electron transfer or the establishment of electric potential. Acquisition of skills necessary for the application of biological molecules in science, technology and medicine.
COURSE IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM:
Week 1: Introduction. The role and importance of electrochemical and physicochemical processes in a living organism. Types and properties of biomolecules.
Week 2: Physico-chemical properties of biomolecules. Ionization and acid-base properties, lipophilicity, reduction potentials, transition potentials. Biological membranes and their properties. Seminar: Structure, structure, dynamics and function of biological membranes.
Week 3: Membrane potentials. Nernst, Donnan and Goldman potential. Action potentials. Polarization and depolarization of the membrane. Ion pumps. Seminar: Electrophoresis with emphasis on gel electrophoresis as a method for separation and analysis of biological molecules.
Week 4: Active and passive transports across the membrane. In-vitro models of biological membranes. Lipophilicity and PAMPA. Seminar: Transport of drugs across membranes and their pharmacokinetics.
Week 5: First knowledge test. Recapitulation of materials
Week 6: Biological redox reactions. Biochemical redox potential. Thermodynamics of biological redox reactions. Determination of oxidized / reduced form of molecules by calculation of oxidation state.
Week 7: Electron transfer. Biological electron transporters. Redox enzymes and their role and mechanisms Mechanism of energy transfer in living organisms. Bioenergy. Energy release in redox reactions. Citric acid cycle and mitochondrial electron transfer. Molecular oxygen and metabolism.
Week 8: Reactive oxygen species. Redox state of the biological system. Oxidative stress. Antioxidants and antioxidant properties of biomolecules. Cycles of regeneration of antioxidant status - non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants. Influence of iron antioxidants- Fenton and Haber-Weiss reactions.
Week 9: Electrochemical methods of analysis of biological molecules. Potentiometric determination of antioxidants in some natural products. Electrochemical determination of blood plasma antioxidant status by cyclic voltammetry. Comparison of electrochemical and spectrophotometric methods for the determination of antioxidants.
Week 10: Second knowledge test. Recapitulation of materials
Week 11: Biosensors, division according to the method of signal conversion, areas of application. Amperometric sensors. Development of glucose biosensors. The role of mediators in biosensors. Potentiometric biosensors.
Week 12: Bio-fuel cells. Working principle and performance of articles. Application of biofuel cells.
Week 13: Biocatalysts. Enzyme catalysts. Microbiological cells as catalysts. Electroenzyme synthesis.
Week 14: Biocorrosion. The role of biofilm. Microorganisms that cause biocrosis. Methods of biocorrosion prevention. Bioimpedance and its application in medicine.
Week 15: Third knowledge test. Recapitulation of materials.
DEVELOPMENT OF GENERAL AND SPECIFIC COMPETENCIES OF STUDENTS:
General competencies
- Knowledge of the role and function of biological molecules in biological systems
- Knowledge of the properties of biomolecules and the possibilities of their application in various fields of science and technology
- Acquiring general knowledge about transport processes through membranes and their importance for medicinal chemistry
- Possession of multi-disciplinary knowledge necessary for working with biological molecules and their application
Specific competencies
- Understanding of biological membranes and their importance on biological processes
- Knowledge of methodologies for the analysis of biological molecules
- Understanding the physico-chemical properties of molecules
STUDENTS 'TEACHING OBLIGATIONS AND THEIR PERFORMANCE:
Students are required to attend lectures and seminars.
Students are required to access knowledge tests.
CONDITIONS FOR OBTAINING A SIGNATURE:
Students must attend lectures and seminars.
TEACHING METHODS:
Lectures
Seminars
Consultations
METHOD OF EXAMINATION OF KNOWLEDGE AND EXAMINATION:
Three knowledge tests during classes.
Written exam.
Oral exam.
METHOD OF MONITORING THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF COURSES:
Student survey.
TEACHING UNITS WITH ASSOCIATED LEARNING OUTCOMES AND EVALUATION CRITERIA
Teaching unit: Physico-chemical properties of biomolecules and biological membranes
Learning outcomes
- Students will combine knowledge of analytical chemistry, physical chemistry and electrochemistry to understand the properties of biomolecules
- Students will know the properties and functioning of the biological membrane and the transport processes through it.
- Students will be able to use the acquired knowledge to understand the action potential and distribution of drugs in the body
Evaluation criteria
- Students know how to understand all the physico-chemical properties of biomolecules
- Students can explain the functioning of ion channels and action potentials
- Students understand transport processes across biological membranes.
Teaching unit: Oxidation-reduction reactions of biological compounds and bioenergetics
Learning outcomes
- Students will expand their knowledge of electrochemistry on redox reactions, redox potential and energy changes in redox reactions to biological redox reactions and biochemical redox potential.
- Students will gain knowledge about electron transfer and modes of transfer in biological systems, especially the role of this transfer in the body's defense against oxidative stress and in bioenergy.
- Students will expand their knowledge of electrochemical measurement techniques to their application to biomolecules in vitro and in vivo.
Evaluation criteria
- Students present some of the most significant biological redox reactions and calculate the free Gibbs change for them.
- Students calculate the oxidation state of biological molecules.
- Students define the ways of electron transfer in biological systems and recognize in which direction the oxidation state of biological molecules changes in selected reactions.
- Students describe the mechanisms of action of biological electron transporters and redox enzymes.
- Students describe the process of cellular respiration and energy changes in the mitochondrial electron transport chain and the process of oxidative phosphorylation.
- Students describe the role and mechanisms of action of the most important non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants.
- Students know how to describe the principles of application of electrochemical methods on biomolecules.
Teaching unit: Biocatalysts
Learning outcomes
- students will learn how biomolecules and microorganisms can catalyze individual redox reactions
- Students will learn about the possibility of using biomolecules in the development of sensors, fuel cells and organic synthesis.
- students will learn how microorganisms and their metabolites can have a detrimental effect on various construction materials.
Evaluation criterion
- Students describe the principle of action of enzymatic and microbiological catalysts
- The student describes the principle of operation of biosensors on the example of glucose biosensors
- The student knows how to explain what a biofuel article looks like and what processes take place in it
- The student can explain the role of biofilm in corrosion processes
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Learning outcomes:
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- understand basic electrochemical phenomena in biological systems
- define the physico-chemical properties of biological molecules and their importance in the functioning of biological systems
- understand the transport processes on biological membranes the formation of membrane potential
- demonstrate knowledge and develop skills necessary for the application of biological molecules in biosensors, fuel cells, electroenzymatic synthesis and in other areas of science and technology
- recognize technological issues in which they can apply biomolecules
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Literature:
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Materijali s predavanja dostupni na stranicama Zavoda za elektrokemiju i sustavu Merlin, 1. Zoran Mandić, Interni pisani materijali.
2. Sanja Martinez, Interni pisani materijali
3. Jozefina Katić, Interni pisani materijali, Nositelji kolegija,
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Fundamentals of electrochemistry, V.S. Bagotsky, Fundamentals of electrochemistry, Poglavlje 23: Bioelectrochemistry. 1993. Plenum Press, NY., V.S. Bagotsky,
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Senzori fizikalnih veličina i elektroanalitičke metode, I. Piljac, Senzori fizikalnih veličina i elektroanalitičke metode, Media Print, Zagreb 2010., I. Piljac,
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Pristupačnost
